Thais Review Essay Example

Thais Review Paper Essay on Thais The reader should cherish the book. Do not put it down reversal, not to bend pages, not to carry it without the package in a dirty bag. Thats probably the few rules that hammered into my head. All this set is called concern about the book. And sometimes you have so that the book is a concern for you? This happened with Thais. From the first lines of the preface and explanatory notes I was warm and comfortable, as if covered soft knitted blanket. Here is an explanation of the measures of length and weight, here are the names of months. However, even if the explanations were not, it would not be a problem. The interpretation of the values ​​of well-woven into the text. Here and there, one of the characters asks casually, and clarifies something where the value is shown in parentheses. Before we assess the artistic content of the book, we should not forget that this is something like a historical reconstruction. It is like to collect old clay pot of hundreds of fragments it is difficult, long and not always harmoniously. And Thais , there are fragments, where the action is somewhat sketchy, but Efremov cleverly takes the other. In any product there is a hanging fragments. Some people, the meeting which was, however, not vpletetsya then into the main fabric of the narrative, the place to which the hero never return. We will write a custom essay sample on Thais Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thais Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thais Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the opposite Ephraim. He is like a skilled seamstress prihvatyvaet such scraps and intelligently connects one plot. No random person, who has not appeared in my life to Thais again, no passage places. In terms of depiction Ephraim ravnyh- no clothes fabric and slide under the fingers, face breathes fresh Cretan breeze the nose is filled with the dust of Egypt. Everything is alive, sharp and realistic. Thin characters noble men and elegant women complete the picture. Sometimes, I myself would like to put the book down and walk easily and gracefully as Greek hetero, holding high his head and shooting eyes at passers. index a good book for me is the desire to meet the hero. Without looking up, I read about an excellent education, how humbly and with all the patience Thais immersed in the religious mysteries of the different people, how calm she conducts interviews with famous people and how caring about slaves and those who serve it. A lot of all of the above is not applied to our reality, of course, but wanted to read more, sit a little straighter, gentle smile and be a little bit better than it actually is The most exciting in the book -. It is just tight tangle of religious teachings. Shedding light on the mysteries of the cult of the Mother Mother, Orphic, the Stoics and others, Thais know how many similar deities and their images have evolved over time and the improvement of the human mind and a knowledge. Efremov said at the beginning that set himself the task to walk on the time of formation of a new religious attitude and the birth of humanism, and especially pleased that the conductor of this world become intelligent and stunningly beautiful woman.

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buy custom Business Communication Issue essay In business, communication is the most essential part of any successful business. It plays an important role in managing one business; it is an art of conveying meaningful information between the interaction of the sender and the receiver. In communication we have to learn the basic 5 stages set by the interaction of two people (the sender, the receiver), a) sender is a person who addresses the message to another person, b) message is an information transmitted between two people having a conversion, c) encoding is a process where the message is put into symbols, d) channel is the medium the message pass through, e) receiver is a person who receives a message, f) decoding is the process where the message is translated and the meaning is generated, g) feedback is the message the receiver is ready to reply with for the initial message of the sender, h) barriers or interferences are things that affect normal communication between two people, example of barriers are the language, the sur roundings and the emotions. Communication has three purposes in the life of people who communicate to each ther, especially when using the communication as a tool in business, one of this is to make the communication effective. This first purpose of communication deals with the effectiveness of the message to be sent to the receiver, so that the delivery of message is well understood. The second purpose is the promotion of the meaningful exchange of information, this purpose deals with the topics to be used while having interaction with the other people, this will build a strong source of making the communication flow smoothly while having a conversation. The third purpose of the communication is building relationship with the partner or the stake holder, this simply means that while having communication one is building a relationship; it evolves the trust and respect of the people you are communicating with. In the business world, today managers spend most of their time in communicating with other people, like having a meeting or formal conversation, talking to the investors, in order to get their trust, or to become a part of the business, the upward and downward of communication (a manager passes down the message to the hierarchy of his employees). The 90% of their whole day of the managers is spent for this, they widely use much of theiir time in communicating with people. In making conversation with someone, one should consider the interpersonal communication and the intrapersonal communication. The difference of these two is that the intrapersonal communication correlates with the mind of a person, something occurring within the individual thoughts while talking to another person. The intrapersonal communication is the communication occurring between the two persons talking to each other. In order to distinguish a type of the communication we should always consider the formal and informal flow. The formal flow of communication is merely used in business relationship, organizational situations, like official meetings, memoranda, policies; and the informal communication is used outside the business world, like building a social relationship with colleagues and co-workers. Therefore I conclude that we need to learn the basic features of the business communication so we can identify what are the differences in communicating with the people outside a formal gathering, and how to make the communication more effective to attract the attention of the listener. Buy custom Business Communication Issue essay

Strategic Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Plan - Essay Example This paper analyzes the presents an internal and external analyses of the Southco, Incorporated. This paper suggests that the company employs a differentiation strategy in achieving the company's objective of increasing market share and revenue. Our mission is to create continuous growth opportunities through strong customer connectivity and engineering excellence. We will seize these opportunities through seamless teamwork and by leveraging our operational excellence and supply chain management. Together, we will drive leadership, growth and extraordinary value for our customers, associates and shareholders. The success of a company is not only subject to its internal operation but is often to a large degree dependent to its environment. In fact, the mere survival of a company hinges on its ability to take advantage of the opportunities and surpass the threats posed by its external environment. Southco, Inc. belongs to the engineered access hardware industry. Like any other segment, this industry is primarily influenced by its remote environment like social, political, technological, ecological, and economic factors. The operation of Southco, Inc. ... It can be seen that innovations in one sector can largely affect another. For Southco, technological breakthroughs can amazingly influence the industry it operates in it by altering the way it does business. One example of this is the technological revolution brought about by the internet. In the case of Southco, this advancement has made its operation more efficient by offering a new way to market its product to its customers. Instead of just manufacturing its products, the company was able to streamline its value chain by cutting the distribution channels between it and the customers. The internet also removed geographical boundaries and helped the company reach out to a larger market. The internet technology facilitated the Southco's inbound logistics as it eased collaboration with present and prospective suppliers. Economic factors also have a great bearing on the operation of the engineered access hardware industry. As the company operates as an international player, it is exposed to various risk not faced by companies serving the domestic market only. The global economy has become more integrated as it is becoming a global village. However, each country does not perform the same way as the other. This explains the fluctuations of the value of currency in different economies. Southco is exposed to this risk as the value of its revenue in one country is always influenced by the value of the country's currency relative to the US dollars. Exchange rate fluctuation can be both harmful and beneficial in determining the performance of Southco's regional department. Industry Analysis The analysis of an industry and the significant forces in it can be best illustrated by employing Porter's Five Factor Model. Entry Barriers: HIGH Entry to the engineer access

God's grandeur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

God's grandeur - Essay Example Basically, the poem bears the purpose of summoning forth the attention of readers to comprehend the nature of God as a divine being and become transported to a dimension of enlightenment instead of preferring to dwell in the mundane life of pure dull work. Through the first part of â€Å"God’s Grandeur†, the octave consists of rhyming pairs ‘foil / oil’, ‘rod / trod’, and ‘toil / soil’ out of consecutive lines whereas ‘God-shod’ comes from two separate lines in the beginning and in the end. This pattern exhibits how the poet renders the rhythm to sound as though there exists ‘springing’ within intonations or tones so that the intended effects accord with the theme of enlivening God’s qualities in a reader’s mind or imagination. Hopkins makes use of words that possess relevance with each other as in the case of ‘toil’ and ‘soil’ as well as ‘rod’ and ‘trod’. On beginning with â€Å"The world is charged with the grandeur of God†, the poet means for the reader to be reminded of the typical knowledge of power via the verb word ‘charged’ with which may be associated an electrical charge, electricity, or an electric field full of charges and electrifying potential each of which is symbolic of power. Based on this perspective, Hopkins seemingly desires a critical reader to draw analogy between the flowing charges to light and God’s power to God’s consuming brilliance and somewhere, perceive the overwhelming difference between man and God. The speaker of the third viewpoint proceeds to state in awe: â€Å"It will flame out, like shining from shook foil; It gathers to a greatness, like the ooze of oil.† In the first use of simile, the thought about ‘flame’ in signifying ‘grandeur’ is aided by the imagery of a foil that shakes and shines at the same time. This somewhat contrasts the second simile where

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities Essay

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities - Essay Example were and there are societies where the idea of tour is practically unknown. Generally speaking holidaymaking and travel has become an important social phenomenon in most societies today. Often modern tourism is based on the pseudo-event. Most tourists find pleasure in the stage-managed events. Often The English race has been inveterate travelers. However the motive for travel till the dawn of renaissance was usually pilgrimage, ecclesiastical business, diplomacy, or commerce. With the delightful discovery of antiquity, increasing numbers of young men were lured to the monuments of ancient Rome. The flowering of renaissance first came about in Italy and the humanist education at an Italian university, especially in Padua was the dream of many English gentlemen of resources. In spite of the cleavage of Christendom to Catholicism and Protestantism the inter course between nations continued and it produced profound results for England. Before the invention of package tours the most popular form of travel to Italy was by The Grand Tours. Watching the extant antiquity and the prevailing culture of the peninsula provided a finish of culture and style to the young man. The Grand Tour Travel as the finishing school of a cultured English gentleman is an idea that was in the British psyche for many years. Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, a bold attempt, to string a number of tales in the backdrop of a pilgrimage is a monumental document of the English predilection towards travel. The travel in which monk and friar, captain and doctor, cook and scholar rubbed shoulder in hilarious camaraderie presents colourful vignettes of medieval social life. Francis Bacon in his aphoristic essay, On Travel reflects on the salutary aspect of travel as one that enriches the mind and completes the education of a gentleman. The Grand Tour as it developed later seems to have accepted the guidelines set by Bacon. He has recommended in the 16th century itself that young men should go abroad under the guidance of a tutor. He has enumerated the items that the young man should look for in his travel and what they must avoid. The first sentence of the essay itself declares travel as the inseparable component of a gentleman's education. TRAVEL, in the younger sort, is a part of education, in the elder, a

The future of laundry technology

The future of laundry technology Laundry is a task that all households must complete. Laundry is a very broad task that encapsulates the entire process of cleaning fabric items so that they can become fresh to be worn or used again. It is a tedious process, and one which has potential for simplification. The aim of this research report is to identify The Future of Laundry: What are the main problems of the domestic laundry process? What future technologies could benefit the washing and drying of fabrics? Are there methods that can help the laundry process become more environmentally friendly? These are the main report objectives that will be researched and analysed, to then obtain conclusions which will help form the basis of a design brief and specification for a new product. There is a particular focus on the Domestic Market in More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC). A Conceptual Framework (Figure 1) has been produced to summarise the research methods that will be taken to obtain information for each of the Objectives. By the end of the report the aim is to have evident information, provided by a variety of sources and methods that should indicate the Future of Laundry. Task Analysis Before further research began it proved vital to perform a first hand laundry experience for myself. It enabled me to be fully immersed into the whole laundry procedure. Each stage of the task was broken down into its core processes. Figure x is a Task Analysis diagram that outlines the most common laundry procedures followed by consumers in UK households. A range of early conclusions and opportunities were identified from the first hand experience and Task Analysis diagram. The number of processes in the diagram highlights the lengthiness of the procedure. Procedure taken by most people is common, but there is variation in the drying process, which is dependent on climate and resources available. There is opportunity for simplification Improvements needed towards the eco-efficiency of the procedure. Its a procedure that very few people enjoy and take pride in. It could be more interactive and fun task. The process has barely changed since the early 20th Century Find out the main problems of laundry This section of the report aims to identify current weaknesses in the laundry process. The Task Analysis already performed will form the basis for User Observations. An investigation will be performed into the resource problems that may be creating a hindrance in the laundry procedure for many consumers. Finally, a look into the Psychology of Laundry provides an insight into the consumer attitudes towards the task. User Observations / Experiences Task 1 User Observations The aim is to gain a better insight into the consumer habits and the difficulties faced with the laundry procedure. A range of participants have been observed: Mother: Lives with husband and two children Elderly Person: Retired lady living with husband Student: Lives in a house with three other students Young Professional: Lives alone in a small apartment The Task Analysis Diagram (Fig x) was used to record the observations. (see Appendix x) A table has been produced to give a brief comparison on which basic tasks are performed by each participant: The Mother and Elderly Person maintain a routine time between washes. The Elderly Person washes every three days and the Mother every other day, as the dirty clothes pile up quickly. By comparison the student washes only when most of the available clean clothes have run out. The Young Professional also did not have a routine, but washed once the basket fills up. Although he did state that if a few individual items were required, then he would do a wash. It was surprising that only half of the people turn their clothes inside out during washes, which can prevent the dulling of fabrics (Housekeeping 2008). Although all participants washed colours and whites separately, possibly due to the known effects. The Student did state that she often gets confused with white clothing that has coloured detailing. None of the four people ever separated clothing according to fabric types or even delicates. When questioned, they all said that it adds complexity and is extra hassle. Only the Mother regularly pre-soaks clothing, which is because she has young children. She suggested that adding baking soda helps to lift dirt. The Elderly Person believed that new clothing should be pre-soaked on its first wash to prevent colour run. On extremely stubborn stains, the Young Professional recommended Varnish stain remover. All participants except the Student use branded detergent, as they believe it guarantees clean results. The student uses supermarket brand detergent as she believes the results are satisfactory. The Young Professional liked to use Liqui-tabs whenever doing a full wash so he is sure the correct amount of detergent is added. All participants agreed that fabric softener helps make the clothing feel softer. Most surprisingly, no-one washed delicates by hand. The Mother and Student believed that it adds extra time and wasnt necessary. None of the participants washed clothes with cold water. The Young Professional didnt think it would wash the clothing particularly well. During all of the observations, the spin speed was never adjusted or considered. The Mother and Elderly Person did not know what the benefits of the feature were. Although, the Mother very often performs an extra spin to try and extract a little more water. The drying process was an area where there was much variation. The Mother and Elderly Person both prefer to dry clothes outdoors, as it dries with a fresher smell. They both shared the same frustration though, of the unpredictable British weather. The Mother also has access to a tumble dryer, but it is in the garage. She finds it an inconvenience and is also aware of the costs related to using a tumble dryer. During the winter months, the mother makes use of the airing cupboard, and any other items are placed on the radiators. She says the clothes dry very quickly. The Young Professional makes use of the airing cupboard on odd occasions when there are a few items to dry, otherwise he makes use of the drying facililty on his washer/dryer combi. The Student tries to squeeze the majority of clothes into the airing cupboard, and the remainder onto a indoor clothes airer. As there are three other students in the same house, space is a difficulty. She said a tumble dryer in the house would be ideal. Only the mother and elderly person iron most of their clothes. The Mother said her husband usually deals with this task, so it takes the sting out of it. The Young Professional and Student try to avoid ironing, but any smart items are ironed. Task 2 Structured Interviews Dry Cleaning is a process that all participants are trying to avoid. It adds extra expenditure to the laundry process and is an inconvenience. All participants used machine washing as their core method of cleaning clothes. All the other processes were not performed as they were deemed as extra hassle and unnecessary. Its very surprising that none of the people felt the need to hand-wash delicates. The main areas in which people wish to see improvements in the laundry procedure are: Simplify the process: remove some steps Use less water Lower costs Be able to wash a smaller load of clothes without it costing the same as doing a full load. Not everyone requires a large machine The time it takes Make it more enjoyable None of the participants were aware of any environmental impacts related to the use of detergents. On hearing this, the Elderly Person suggested that measures should be taken to improve on this. She also stated that her husband suffered from skin allergies. Changing the detergent solved the issue. Nobody was happy with the costs. The Elderly Person used less than the recommended dosage to make it last longer, whilst the Young Professional only bought it when there was an offer at the supermarket. The number of varieties available was also a point of confusion. New developments gained positive reactions by all participants, although on-one was aware of new technologies. They all wanted to see improvements in the laundry process. An example of a future development is Nano-coating, and this was given to gauge a reaction. People were most concerned about how the results would compare to a normal wash using detergents, and how the textures of fabrics will be affected. The Elder Person thought the fabrics would become hard and shiny. Surprisingly, only the student mentioned concern of having to buy all new clothes. The Young Professional wanted any new developments to speed up the process and cost less. Resources Time At present, the laundry process takes far too long. This is due to the many different stages involved, as identified in the Task Analysis (sectionPgx). There is opportunity to simplify the process by removing stages. Water Problems Several laundry problems are directly related to minerals, organic matter, and other impurities in the water supply (AG Facts 1999). Water problems can affect the colouring and quality of the fabrics whilst also causing build up of soils. The most common water problem in the UK is Hard Water. It is caused by calcium and magnesium in the water. Fabrics become stiff and hard over time, and soil continues to build up because hard water does not clean as well as soft water. Much of the detergent added to the wash goes to softening the water. Adding extra detergent can compensate for, but this increases costs and causes further water pollution due to the phosphates contained in detergents. Use of heavy duty liquid detergents can solve the issue. Other water problems include rusty water, turbid water and acid rain. They all cause staining and colour disfiguration of fabrics. Across most of Europe these water problems are rectified, using relevant filters, before it reaches the main water supply in homes. Space Standard washing machines are 85cm in height and 60cm in width. This size comfortably fits beneath a kitchen work surface. Unless the consumer has a utility room in the home, the washing machine is most likely to sit within a kitchen as it is convenient for plumbing. In more compact kitchens, the washing machine tends to dominate the environment as in Figure 11. It spoils the appearance of the kitchen. A kitchen of this type is likely to be in a home with maximum one or two occupants. Such a large machine is often not required. A tumble dryer also occupies the same amount of space, and in a kitchen like Figure 11, it cannot be accommodated. Money Laundry is a very energy intensive procedure, with most of it being used to heat water in the washing process, and then extract water in the drying process (See Energy Efficiency Section x). Detergents are another major consumable that tend to vary in cost greatly, depending upon brand. Not everyone can afford the more expensive detergents, which are proven to be slightly more effective compared to budget variants. One in five adults use less than the recommended dose to make their laundry detergent last longer. (Figure 37.Clothes Washing Products Mintel) And 21% of people in the same survey have switched to supermarket brands to save money. Buying the washing machine and tumble dryer is also very costly with the average B rated models costing approximately  £270 and  £340 respectively. Although, the life expectancy of these products are generally very good according to Appliance Life Expectancy (Demesne 2007). A washing machine is expected to last up to 11 years and a tumble dryer closer to 14 years. Psychology of Laundry A report by Mintel, Clothes Washing Products, theres a section named Consumer Attitudes Towards Laundry'(Mintel 2009) . This report has provided most of the information for this particular section. The underlying topics of this report are costs and convenience. Saving money has become a key influence in doing laundry, and this will be further boosted by the current economic climate and lack of consumer confidence. In a survey conducted by Mintel (Mintel 2009), it showed that 56% of people prefer to buy clothes that do not require dry cleaning. In the same survey it also shows that 27% of people sometimes wash clothes in a washing machine even though they are Dry Clean only items. It shows that people dont want extra hassle. Many consumers are even choosing to not wash their clothes after every wear, and are using smaller doses of detergent to make their money go that bit further. Performing more washes, wears out fabrics quicker. Given the chore of doing the laundry, products that take the hassle out of clothes washing wins the hearts of consumers (Mintel 2009). Consumers will therefore welcome a simpler laundry procedure. Only one in ten people dont separate out colours from whites (Mintel 2009). This shows that there isnt a particular need for a specialist product in this area. The reason for this particular statistic could also be due to the fact it is an extremely well known pre-caution, and people are being far more conscious of making their clothes last longer. Teens are happiest to buy new clothes rather than looking after the ones they already own, which is the contrary to people over the age of 55. They are more likely to follow instructions and buy into more expensive detergents. Teens are less likely to have responsibility with their money, and most often, it is left to the parents to do the laundry. .men are just as cautious, if not more so, than women when it comes to washing their clothes. This is the absolute opposite from the common stereotypical view that men dont have a clue about laundry. Although this claim could partly be because men perform laundry less often than women, and are therefore less familiar with the process. They may feel the need to check the instructions for reassurance as a result. Conclusions A Task Analysis highlighted that the laundry procedure involves too many stages. User Observations showed very little variation between each of the four participants methods taken to wash clothes. People skipped minor processes which they deemed unnecessary. Those living by themselves didnt require a large machine, as it was one of the reasons for washing less frequently. Consumer desire for lower costs and better convenience has been highlighted in the huge decline in Dry Cleaning clothes. Branded detergents are seen as most trusted, although consumers are using less to make their money go further. If less detergent is used, and water content and temperatures were reduced, costs would be massively reduced. Consumers are trying to make their clothes last longer, which can be aided by using less detergent or switching to more natural cleaning products. Laundry was seen as more of a chore amongst the younger participants during observations. They were the ones that supported the use of tumble dryers. Drying clothes outside was favoured by the elderly participants as they believed it produces fresher smelling fabrics. Washing machines tend to dominate smaller kitchens. Any new development must either be smaller, or have the possibility to be positioned away from the kitchen area. New developments to improve the laundry procedure gained very positive reactions by all participants. Concerns include the implications on fabrics and whether cleanliness will be maintained. Laundry times and overall costs need to be reduced too. New developments must account for different water problems, and although none of the participants were aware of the negative impacts detergents have on the environment, eco-efficiency needs to be improved. Other areas where people would like to see improvements include smaller machines or the possibility to wash smaller loads without any affect on efficiency. By making the laundry process more enjoyable or positively interactive would be well received. What are the methods technologies that could clean clothes (Present and Future) This section firstly aims to view the expert opinions with regards to the Future of Laundry. A discussion of Future Technologies that could revolutionise the washing procedure follows. The section concludes with an investigation into technologies from other devices that could benefit the future laundry procedure. Speak to Experts At the end of 2007 Henkel hosted a scientific conference on The Future of Washing. From this conference a publication named the Future of Washing'(Henkel 2008) was produced. Early in the publication it was recommended that innovations must always conform to social, ecological and economic responsibility (Henkel 2008). This suggests that sustainability must remain a key focus for all future developments. Consumers priorities are undergoing definite transformations. Saving energy is what they want most (Henkel 2008). This is quite a change from two years ago when washing efficiency took precedence over energy conservation. This is a result of greater exposure of the current global situations and increasing energy prices. Consumers though, are not willing to back down on standards of hygiene. Out of 100 people interviewed, almost 70% named washing machines as the most indispensable household appliance (Henkel 2009). This suggests that this is a very high risk product, and you cant afford to get it wrong. Consumers are so used to the process at the moment that they will scrutinise any new technologies. Of 65 million washing machines sold each year, most of which are sold in Europe: 25 million (Henkel 2009). As a result, it would be wise to target any new innovations at the European market, since it is the most thriving market. In the future, we will have to be more proactive in addressing segments and matching concepts to specific target groups (Henkel 2008). Washing machines are becoming more intelligent and gaining new features, hence more complex. The older generations, who struggle with all the new gadgets, will no doubt have difficulty. By comparison, many of the younger generations will welcome such features as it adds a new dimension to what is currently quite a mundane task. Throughout the publication, a major highlight has been energy conservation and efficiency. In a personal communication with the founder of http://laundry.about.com, Mary Marlowe Leverette also believed that protecting natural resources is a high priority (Leverette 2009). Mary also gave her personal insight into the Future of Laundry. She thought that there will be greater advances in more energy and environmentally efficient laundry products and techniques, using less water and detergent. She also thought that there will be additional work in the design of fabrics that repel stains and odours (Leverette 2009). See Appendices x Future Technologies Washing With Only a Single Cup of Water Developed by researchers at Leeds University and Xeros. The invention has been proven to wash clothes using only a cup of water, nylon polymer beads and a little detergent. This method is claimed to use only 2% of the water and energy required from an ordinary washer and dryer. The nylon polymer beads have a special polarity that draws the stains out of the clothes and into the centre of the beads. Humidity causes the nylon polymers to become very absorbent. It soaks up the water and dirt, therefore no rinse or spin cycle is required (Go Green Today 2009). The clothes are virtually dry once the cycle is completed, which boosts its green credentials. The main question surrounding this technique regards the disposal of the nylon beads. Each wash requires 20kg of nylon beads, and need to be replaced after approximately six months or 100 washes. So what happens after six months when every household needs to dispose of the beads? The nylon beads are not recyclable. Ultrasound/Ultrasonic Technology Ultrasonic technology applied to the textile washing industry has been a subject of investigation for many years. It has proved effective in the removal of soils from fabrics. There are many negatives that have been preventing it from becoming a commercially viable technique, in particular the relatively high cost of equipment and lack of availability. Fabrics need to be positioned very close to the high intensity source and only a few layers can be penetrated. Institute of Acoustics in Madrid, found that using ultrasound would speed up a washing cycle from 30-45 minutes to 5-10 minutes. Ultrasound works well on grease and dirt (Independent 1994). In Japan, Sanyo have been trying to commercialise a machine that uses Ultrasound technology. Electrodes are placed on the side of the tub, which electrolyze the water. An ultrasonic wave generator at the base of the machine uses sonic waves to generate millions of tiny air bubbles to help loosen grime and grit on clothes in a purely mechanical action. With this product Sanyo have tried to make very few alterations to a current washing machine, meaning its not as effective as it could be. Steam Cleaning Uses clean water to create a powerful cleaning force. It leaves no toxic residues on surfaces and does not stain clothing. Steam is able to kill well known bacteria such as e-coli, listeria, and salmonella; although these are food related bacteria (Earlex 2008). Steam has been recently introduced into some of the latest domestic washing machines, but it cannot be used as the only source of dirt removing agent. When used in conjunction with the regular washing process it can be of good benefit since it can reduce the water content required and can raise the temperature inside the drum using less energy. Silver Nano Technology Clothes washed in a solution of silver ions become sterilised. Water is passed through silver ions, which prevent bacteria and microbes attaching onto the clothes. The silver kills germs whilst oxidation reaction lifts dirt and odours (Washing Machine Reviews 2009). Fabrics that are coated with silver nano become anti-bacterial for upto 30 days. The main problem with silver ions being introduced into the wash cycle is that scientists are not sure of the long-term effects on mankind. Cold water can be used which is a huge eco-benefit, and although some sources state that no detergent is required, others state that a small amount is, on more heavily soiled fabrics. Development of Fabrics: Nano Coating While the idea of using nano-particles to enable textiles to repel dirt and self-clean is not new, the uses to which this technology is being applied and enhanced are increasing almost daily (Just-Style 2008). The Lotus Effect is becoming a far more commonly used term in the textile industry. It is a metaphor being used to describe how water and dirt drip of the structured fabric surface, just like a lotus leaf. The process works by reducing the surface area available for dirt to gather on. This is made possible by coating the fabric with tiny nanoscale wax pyramids (Just-Style 2008). The fabrics are dipped in a solution of nano-whiskers, which contains cotton that is a 1/1000th of the width of cotton fibre. A cushion of air is created, which improves its wrinkle resistance and causes liquids to bead up and roll-off. It is designed for use on cotton, polyester, wool, silk and rayon. Adidas is one of the many large clothing retailers that is using Nano-Tex to protect its sportswear, which suggests that nano-coating has the possibility to eventually become mainstream. Figure x is priced at  £48, which isnt hugely more expensive than non-coated equivalents. Anti-microbial silver particles can be embedded into fabrics which prevents the growth of bacteria and other odours. Though nano-silver is known to darken fabrics; hence pure white fabric will be difficult to produce. As well as the lotus-effect, there have been discussions about Ultraviolet-C light being able to clean nano-coated fabrics. This would be a very economical solution since no water would be required, but there is very little evidence of the viability of this method. Can Technology From Other Devices Be Incorporated? Mangle / Pasta Maker The mangle was designed in the 18th Century to aid the wringing of water from wet laundry. Clothes were passed between two rollers which squeezed water out. A pasta maker uses the same principle to flatten dough. Salad Spinner As the internal basket rotates, centrifugal force pulls the salad to the outer edges where the liquid escapes through the holes. A standard front-loading washing machine uses a very similar method with its perforated drum. This is still a very effective method for removing water. The system of spinning out the water would yet be more efficient if it spun around a vertical axis instead. Jacuzzi Highly pressurised jets plunging water at the clothes from different directions would help to agitate the fabrics very well as the force will open up the fibres. Spherical Roller Bearing This allows random movements around 5-axis. A spherical container to wash the clothes in could stimulate these movements allowing far better agitation of the fabrics. Plunger A plunger is able to create a vacuum in which air and water is able to forcefully loosen dirt from fabrics. This technique would eliminate the need for any rotational movements to agitate the fabrics. Simulate Hand Movements Washing by hands is considered to be the most efficient method of removing stains since it flexes the fibres apart, allowing water and detergent to pass through. So in theory, a device that could simulate hand movement would produce very clean fabrics. Conclusions The publication on the Future of Laundry (Henkel2008), understandably, avoided mentioning developments that did not require detergents as Persil Detergents is one of their brands. A key point in the publication was that sustainability must remain a key focus. Mary Marlowe Leverette also believed that protecting natural resources is very important (Leverette 2009). There is opportunity to target a new product at specific groups. It has already been established that students have different laundry requirements compared to a mother. Considering that Europe is the largest market for new washing machines, new innovations should initially be targeted at this market. Consumers are trying to save energy at all costs. Water is the sole reason why the laundry procedure consumes so much energy. Therefore new developments will need to reduce, if not eliminate water content. The technology, Washing With Only a Single Cup of Water, would provide huge energy savings since the clothes come out virtually dry. Detergent is still required in the wash. There are concerns over the disposal of the vast quantity of nylon beads as they are not recyclable. This is not a sustainable technique. Steam is a good addition to the wash cycle to kill bacteria and allergens, and raise temperatures quickly, but it cannot solely remove dirt. This is the same for silver nano technology. Silver ions can be introduced to a cold wash cycle to kill bacteria. Silver ions will also become embedded into the fabric making it anti-microbial for up to 30 days. There is a vast amount of continuing research into nano-coating fabrics. Top clothing manufacturers are applying the technique to many of their products, which suggests that this could eventually become mainstream. Mary Marlowe Leverette also thought that development of fabrics is the future (Leverette 2009) Another proven technique is ultrasound technology. No detergents are required, but the fabric items need to be placed in close proximity to the source. The Pasta Maker provides inspiration on how this technique can be made feasible. When pasta is passed through the rollers, this could be like clothes being passed through an ultrasound source to remove dirt. The rollers could also remove excess water, like the mangle. A powerful stream in the opposite direction could carry the loosened dirt away. The jacuzzi and spherical roller bearings provide inspiration for random movements. Washing machines only turn around a single axis, but if the clothes could be pounded at from different directions it would agitate them more effectively. All of which leads to simulating hand movements, which provides the ultimate random movements. Can Laundry Become Greener? This section of the report aims to investigate if laundry methods from the past and in other countries could contribute towards a more modern green laundry technique. An investigation into Energy Efficiency of the current laundry methods then follows. Greener Methods From the Past Other Countries In the developing world, laundry is often viewed differently compared to the UK. There are places around the world where washing can be about meaning, about family contribution, about providing nice feelings (Henkel 2009) Is there opportunity to integrate such emotion into the Future of Laundry? This would be good since it will remove the almost robotic and soul-less techniques adopted today. Washing By Hand This is a method that has proved to be most popular over the years and is still in use today. Many sources have suggested that washing clothes by hand produces cleaner results as the flexing of the fibres allows more water to penetrate in, hence agitating the fabric more. Clothes are initially soaked in a basin/faucet containing detergent. The detergent is often dissolved in a small cup beforehand. The clothes are then rinsed several times before hanging out to dry. Its a very time-consuming method, but one that is well established. The wringing action opens up the fibres to allow the detergent water to pass through. For more stubborn stains a washboard (see Figure 3) is commonly used for scrubbing. Modern washing machines struggle to match the cleanliness of the hand-washed clothes since they do not flex the fibres in the same way, but it does massively improve the time consumption of washing and drying. It is far more energy efficient though since all the energy being applied is human intervention. Water availability was a big concern in Mexico as running water was never guaranteed. a key desired feature was the possibility to recycle both wash and rinse water. (Henkel2008) The Lavadero is a specialised wash basin that has been used for washing clothes for years. The surface is inclined so that water accumulates in the deep end whilst the ribs act as a rubbing surface. Water would often be provided by that collected in the roof tanks during heavy rainfall. Dh

Whats on the Menu? Essay -- Health, Obesity, Food Industry

Title Muffin tops, Weight Watchers, Atkins, these are all among the jargon designated for the horizontally challenged today. These words and others are the runoff of a much larger problem, obesity. Americans today have made being inactive and feasting on junk food acceptable, thereby greatly increase the percentage of the population that is extremely overweight. Excessive eating is not the lone source for this disproportionate problem of obesity, there are a myriad of causes and as many solutions (Manson 1). No matter what the cause of obesity, the liberty to alter or wallow in their condition should remain the individual’s rather than the government’s. Obesity reduces the quality of people’s lives, consequently the government is concerned by this threatening issue. However, instead of limiting people’s food choice the government should foster a goal of health in all their citizens (Balko 1). The government currently vouches for responsible decision making, mo re exercising, and maintaining a wholesome diet (Manson 1). This cheerleading role that the government currently plays is most beneficial to its citizens. Given choices people decide what they want, and act upon it, but often a government regulation only cripples their resolve. People’s basic liberties give them the right to preside over their own health. A government has the duty to instill in its citizens a sense of responsibility for maintaining their health, rather than to regulate what they eat, because in most cases people can be more successful in creating a healthy lifestyle through self-discipline than through adherence to laws. Creating and enforcing public policy is a basic function of any government, however; public policy is not an all-encompassing category,... ...nment realizes that they cannot afford to ignore obesity. A couple hundred years ago Americans labored from sunrise to sunset farming, cooking, cleaning, and working. These Americans had no choice but to be fit, they had to work the land for the food they ate. These Americans knew how to appreciate and fully use their bodies. These men and women set a standard for the American work ethic. As society progressed, innovations allowed for more leisure time, and less hard physical labor. America looked to her past for a role of how to live, how to work, and somehow the proud work ethic survived a little over a century. Now America has the opportunity to re-inspire herself through the legacy of her past, or stomp on the hard work of her forebearers. Each American can choose to reclaim and maintain their proud physique, through their daily individual healthy choices.

Parda in Islam

PARDA (VEIL) IN THE LIGHT OF QURAN AND SUNNAH ABSTRACT The cold war began between the religions and the best subject for west is women to create uncertainty between religions. They are continuously hitting Muslim women with the weapon of Human Rights. From last couple of years the big issue is revolving in west and it create many mess is Parda(veil). The say that parda is human rights violation and Parda humiliates the women dignity. But the Noble Quran says Parda (veil) creates respectful environment for women. If we read bible it also taught women the importance of Parda(veil).In Old Testament we read Rebekah also looked up and saw Isaac. She got down from her camel  and asked the servant, â€Å"Who is that man in the field coming to meet us? â€Å"He is my master,† the servant answered. So she took her veil  and covered herself. (Genesis: 24:64-65) In New Testament And every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head–it is just as t hough her head were shaved. If a woman does not cover her head, she should have her hair cut off; and if it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair cut or shaved off, she should cover her head. 1 Corinthians: 11:5-6) Islam the religion of peace stresses the relationship between body and mind. The ultimate goal of Parda is righteousness of the heart because in covering the body one shields the heart from impurities. Women of Islam wear Parda and loose clothing to fulfill the command of Allah Subhan wa tala. It encourages them to be modest and not to dress in a manner that attracts men. The Parda (veil) can take many forms, The Hijab The Niqaab The Burqa In first hijab, generally refers to covering only head and neck, leaving face uncovered.This covering may have many styles but its main purpose is to cover the hairs properly. In Niqaab is generally understood as clothing that covers the face as well as head, with the eyes showing. The Burqa is a complete and proper form of Parda w hich covers the body of women from head to toe. This form of Parda (veil) is seen in many region of Islamic world. It may have many different styles and according to the cultural and traditional influence. Key Words: Islam, Parda(veil), Quran, Hadith(Sunna) Islam: Islam is not a new religion, but the same truth that Allah revealed through all His prophets to every people.Muslims follow a religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness, and the majority has nothing to do with the extremely grave events that have come to be associated with their faith. All the prophets sent by Allah brought the same message, i. e. believing in the oneness of Allah and the prophet Mohammad (Sal-Allaho-Alay-hay-Wasal-lam) as his last messenger. We, Muslims, believe in the Bible as the word of God and that it’s not in its exact and right form. We believe that Old Testament, Muslims call it Torat, was revealed to Prophet Moses (Musa) and New Testament, Muslims call it Injeel, was revealed o Prophet Jesus (Isa) peace be upon them. Since they were changed by people Allah sent the last testament, that is, the Holy Quran revealed to Prophet Mohammad (Sal-Allaho-Alay-hay-Wasal-lam) and it’s been 1400 years and not even a vowel of the Quran has been changed. It’s in its exact and perfect form. Christianity is closer to Islam than any other religion. We don’t believe in Jesus Christ (May peace be upon him) as Son of God but believe in him as a mighty messenger of Allah. We believe in his miraculous birth. There is one chapter in the Quran in the name of the mother of Jesus Christ (P.B. U. H) as â€Å"Chapter Mary†. http://www. cometoislam. com/aboutislam. htm Parda (veil): Hijab is the term used by many Muslim women to describe their head cover that may or may not include covering their face except their eyes and sometimes also covering one eye. The Arabic word Hijab can be translated into veil or yashmak. Other meanings for the word Hijab include screen, cover (ing), mantle, curtain, drapes, partition, division, and divider. http://www. pakideas. com/node/161 Socialists oppose both approaches, for us it is the right of every woman to wear or not to wear the veil.The state and the religious right have no right to interfere in the personal lives of individuals. Every woman has the right to choose. Most Muslims think that it is wrong to force women to remove the veil, but for some it is not wrong to force women to wear the veil. Socialists oppose a ban on the veil but they also oppose the forced wearing of the veil. This debate is mainly focused on Muslim communities living in Europe. But very few things have been said about Muslim women of the so-called Islamic countries. ( http://www. socialistworld. net/doc/2554)Quran: The Quran is a complete record of the exact words revealed by Allah through the Angel Gabriel to the Prophet Muhammad (Sal-Allaho-Alay-hay-Wasal-lam). It’s the principal source of every Muslim’s faith and prac tice. It deals with all subjects that concern us as human beings; wisdom, doctrine, worship, and law. But its basic theme is the relationship between Allah and His creatures. At the same time the Quran provides guidelines for a just society, proper human conduct and equitable economic principles. Apart from the Quran, Muslims also refer to the life of the Prophet Muhammad (Sal-Allaho-Alay-hay-Wasal-lam). http://www. cometoislam. om/quran. htm Hadith: Hadeeth means the words, actions, approval or attributes that have been narrated from the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). A hadeeth may either confirm things that are mentioned in the Qur'aan, such as prayer, zakaah, etc. , or it may give details of things that are mentioned in the Qur'aan in general terms, such as the numbers of rak'ahs in each prayer, the thresholds for paying zakaah, the details of Hajj, etc. It may also explain rulings which are not mentioned in the Qur'aan, such as the prohibition on being ma rried to a woman and her (paternal or maternal) aunt at the same time.Allaah revealed the Qur'aan to His Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and commanded him to explain it to the people, as He said (interpretation of the meaning): â€Å"And We have also sent down unto you (O Muhammad) the Dhikr [reminder and the advice (i. e. the Qur'aan)], that you may explain clearly to men what is sent down to them, and that they may give thought† [al-Nahl 16:44] http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_Hadees-e-Nabawi PARDA (VEIL) IN THE LIGHT OF QURAN AND SUNNAH â€Å"O Prophet, tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to bring down over themselves [part] of their outer garments.That is more suitable that they will be known and not be abused. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful†. (33:59) In west Muslim women are not allowed to use Hijab (PARDA) because they think that Hijab is a symbol of female segregation. But if we see, in ma ny Muslim societies wearing Hijab (PARDA) is not very common and mostly women refuse it without any solid reason. If we once again read those verses of Quran which are given in the beginning of this article, how great these Qur’anic verses are, along with their implied meanings of lofty and honorable orientations made clear to the nations in this regard.We notice amongst the measures taken in this respect that Allah commands His Prophet (S. A. A. W) to enjoin his wives, the mothers of believers and the daughters. In these verses Allah demands women to use a big piece of cloth which at least covers her body from head to toe. There is a contradiction between the two schools of thought of Islam that is it necessary to cover the face or not? Some say it is necessary to cover the face and the others say it’s not, but I emphasize here that the permissible Hijab should have certain characteristics and conditions through which the Muslim women can be distinguished from others. The best form of Hijab as Allah says in the Quran is the piece of cloth which covers the whole body of woman starting from the head to the toe of her feet. Allah states in Quran, â€Å"Draw their veils all over the bodies (when abroad)†(33:59) Allah also says, â€Å"And to draw their veils over their bosoms† (24:31) And says, â€Å"And stay in your houses, and do not display your selves like That of the former time of ignorance†(33:33) Further Allah addressed the believers to wear Hijab: â€Å"say to the believing women†, as well as in the verses â€Å"and the believing women†.From the point of view of Hadith, it was mentioned that: some women came to see Sayeda Ayesha R. A, they entered Ayesha’s room while they had put on fine dresses. However Ayesha said:, â€Å" if you are believing women then such should not be the suitable dress of the believing women, but if you are not you can enjoy wearing it. Two things can be interpreted from the above incident, one is if someone claimed that she is a believer then she must obey Allah’s order and must wear Hijab and if she is a non- believer then it’s up to her. Then the second thing is what type of Hijab? Allah says in Quran to cover your body with a garment, no special kind or type of Hijab is mentioned but Allah only commands in the Holy Quran to do Hijab, now it’s up to the believers how they cover their bodies, as in our sub-continent most women use â€Å"BURKA† as it is according to the customs that prevail in our society. In verse no 33 of surah AL-AHZAAB Allah orders Muslim women to stay at home if they don’t have any duty outside and also not to show their parts of body, their jewelry and make over as they used to do in the past.Until now I have presented some Quranic and Hadith evidences in which Allah orders believing women to cover their bodies with Hijab (PARDA). ALLAH has clearly commanded women in the Holy Quran but what is t he reason that most women do not feel this obligation upon themselves. In my view its nothing but the strong influence of modernism and colonialism that still dominates our thoughts and actions but if we once again go through the Quran and Hadith I must say that the purpose of Hijab is to ensure that the modesty of a woman is protected and that any obscene and illicit intentions towards the woman are avoided.It is compulsory for Muslim women to wear Hijab or anything that covers the parts that can bring unwanted attention from the opposite sex. We come across many cases in the newspapers that women feel unsafe out in the markets etc. when they are alone, uneasiness is created by the opposite sex, and it is true and a big sin on part of men but if the same woman wears proper Hijab (PARDA) then the results will be different. Because Allah says in Quran do not show those parts of body which attract opposite sex, if women observe these commands then the results for sure would be differe nt because true is Allah and True is also His Prophet.Hijab is a sign of the completion of faith by a woman who wears it for fear of Allah and seeking HIS pleasure but not as a customary and habitual matter. The woman who covers herself will be covered with chastity, modesty and purity and all of these qualities are the integrated part of faith. In conclusion I would say that women in Islam should try seriously to be a nice symbol of representing the beautiful and desirable image of Islam by calling to Islam wherever they go, being the favored role model for their Muslim sisters, raising hereby the word of their lord, religion and the tradition of their beloved Prophet Mohammad S.A. A. W, high over anything and throwing disappointment on the enemy of Islam, and causing their oppressing plan to fail. And a sister who is in the west can use Hijab to present the beautiful Islamic Code. This would lead to the aforementioned benefits as well. In the end I say: praise to Allah, the cheris her and sustainer of the worlds, peace to all who follow guidance, and peace and blessing be upon the most honorable and noblest Prophet Mohammad peace and blessing be upon Him, upon His family and His followers. References (MOHAMMAD UMAR MUBARIK)

Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy The WritePass Journal

Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy Introduction Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Nephropathy IntroductionEconomic burden of Diabetes for families and society:Causes of microvascular damage in diabetes:Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs):Oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS):Polyol pathway/aldose reductase:Hexosamine pathway:Endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis:REFERENCES: Related Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-communicable condition resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood.   It occurs due to inability of the beta cells in pancreas islet tissue to produce enough insulin, or when the body becomes resistant to insulin.   It reduces both quality and length of life and over time leads to serious complications such as coronary heart disease, stroke, neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes: also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), early-onset and juvenile diabetes. It is an autoimmune disease and results from destruction of insulin producing beta cells in islet tissues of pancreas by the body’s immune system. The subsequent lack of insulin results in high blood glucose levels, which if not controlled by exogenous insulin results in multiple organ damage. Type 2 diabetes:   formerly called non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) and adult-onset.   It is a metabolic disorder that mainly occurs in individuals over the age of 40.   In this type of diabetes high blood glucose results either due to relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance.   Lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a growing problem among the elderly population and is widely predicted to grow in the future.   Since the population is aging in the western world, so it is not surprising that elderly population will contribute to future increase but other factors such as lifestyle and diet will also play a major role. WHO survey 2010 estimated that 285 million of the world’s population have diabetes and more than 70% of them live in low and middle income countries. It is also estimated that this burden will increase to 438 million by 2030 (Diabetes fact, 2011). Wild 2004 projected that the total number of individuals with diabetes worldwide will increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million 2030.   Although the prevalence of diabetes is higher in men compared to women but there are more women with diabetes than men.   In developing countries type 2 diabetes mainly affects people of working age, between 35 and 64 years, whereas in developed countries the majority of people with diabetes are above the age of retirement i.e. above 65 years of age (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006).   India has the largest diabetes world’s population i.e. 50.8 million followed by China with 43.2 million ( Express news report,   2009). In Europe prevalence of clinically diagnosed diabetes was estimated to be 3% in 1997.   It was estimated to increase to around 3.6% by 2000 and to over 4% by 2010 (Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003).   In UK 4.26 % of population has diabetes according to the Diabetes UK statistics (Diabetes prevalence 2010).   Scottish Diabetic Survey, 2010, projects that 4.6% of Scotland population has diabetes out of which 87.7% have type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is also at an increase among children. Diabetes amongst children is primarily Type 1 diabetes but Type 2 diabetes is also increasingly being diagnosed. One of the major contributing factors for this rise in diabetes among children is the increase in the number of children who are overweight or obese. â€Å"Twenty five children in every 100,000 in Scotland have diabetes, compared to 17 in England and Wales.†Ã‚   An increase in this at a rate of 2% per years has been suggested by Diabetes UK in Scotland, as a result tripling of new cases in the last 30 years has been seen (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Economic burden of Diabetes for families and society: Diabetes and its complications have a significant economic impact on individuals, families, health systems and countries. For example, WHO estimates that in the period 2006-2015, China will need to allocate $558 billion in foregone national income due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes alone and India will spend $336.6 billion (Diabetes, 2011). â€Å"In the poorest countries, people with diabetes and their families bear almost the whole cost of the medical care they can afford.†Ã‚   In Latin America, 40-60% of medical care expenditures is paid by the families themselves. In Mozambique, 75% of the per capita income is spent on diabetic care by one person; in Mali it amounts to 61%; Vietnam is 51% and Zambia 21%. It is estimated that poor people with diabetes in some developing countries spend as much as 25% of their annual income on private care (Diabetes fact. April 2011). The trend of diabetes in developing countries show that it mostly affects working age group, between 35 and 64 years, relative to developed countries where the majority of diabetes population are aging. Therefore when principal wage earner is affected by diabetes and its complications, the choice between healthcare expenses and food or clothing can trap the whole family in a downward spiral of worsening poverty and health. According to WHO, an annual 2% reduction in chronic disease death rates in Pakistan would provide an economic gain of 1 billion dollars over the next 10 years (WDD06 – Karachi, 2006). The cost incurred by diabetes morbidity are far greater than the cost of the disease prevention (Editorial in Lancet:   World Diabetes Day 14th November, 2010). In a press report by the independent economic consultancy group NERA it is assessed that intensive management of Type 2 diabetes in Scotland can decrease hospital cost by  £41 million by saving over 91,000 bed days a year in 2025 and will also save  £78 million a year in lost work days (ABPI Report Scotland, 2005). Diabetic Nephropathy: The diabetic complication, nephropathy is a condition with high unmet therapeutic needs.   It is linked with significant increases in morbidity and mortality risk, and is the most common cause of ESRD in the Western countries. Diabetes-induced damage in the kidney leads to microalbuminuria. This progresses to ESRD, which requires dialysis or transplantation. Diabetes accounts for over 40% of ESRD (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). The main focus of therapy in diabetic nephropathy is on tight control of blood pressure. Guidelines have progressively revised the target BP goal downwards, currently at 125/75 mmHg in patients with 1g proteinuria, and now recommend either ACE or ARB (Diabetic Nephropathy, 2003). In the U.S., diabetic nephropathy accounts for about 40% of new cases of ESRD.   In 1997 the cost required for treatment of diabetic patients having ESRD amounts to $15.6 billion. There is considerable racial/ethnic variability in this regard, Native Americans, Hispanics (especially Mexican-Americans), and African-Americans have much higher risks of developing ESRD than non-Hispanic whites with type 2 diabetes (Mark, 2001). In the UK, 1,000 people with diabetes start kidney dialysis every year. (Diabetes in the UK, 2004). Ahmedani 2005 reports that in Karachi, Pakistan overall prevalence of microalbuminuria was found to be 34% in patients with diabetes and this was strongly associated with the age, diastolic hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and serum low density lipoprotein. End stage renal disease is a most serious complication of diabetes and accounts to be the most expensive for NHS. Diabetic nephropathy usually develops 15-25 years after the occurrence of diabetes.   In Scotland, 20% of patients who undergo renal transplantation are diabetic. In diabetic individuals, microalbuminuria and stroke, or an increased serum creatinine levels raises the risk of renal nephropathy and failure.   Poor glycemic control and high blood pressure are risk factors of diabetic renal disease (Scottish  Diabetes  Framework, 2002). Diabetic renal impairment is a strong indicator of Cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality is diabetic patients (Guillausseau, 2011).   Annual cardiovascular mortality is 0.7% in normoalbuminuric patient as compared to 2% in microalbuminuric patients and 12% in the patient with elevated creatinine (Stratton IM, 2009) In a review by Vishwanathan, 1999, it is explained that South Asians and Afro-Caribbean are more susceptible to develop renal disease relative to European. Retinopathy increases the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in India was 30.3% in a study done among 4837 patients with chronic renal failure over a period of 10 years. He further argued that an increased prevalence of microalbuminurea among South Asians having type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to Europeans by 1.2 (men) and 1.7 (women) folds.   According to SIGN 116, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy in patient with type 1 diabetes can be considerably reduced by attaining good glycaemic and tight blood pressure control.  ­ In a report by Singh NP, 2003, it is suggested that the incidence of diabetic kidney disease can be reduced by:   tight blood glucose control, blood pressure control, rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade and protein restriction. Causes of microvascular damage in diabetes: Long standing hyperglycemia lead to a number of damages including: Advanced glycosylated end products (AGES) Oxidative stress Increased sorbitol (polyol pathway) Increase in hexosamine pathway Impaired endothelial function Immune effect All these damages result in microvascular complications of diabetes. Advanced glycosylated end-products (AGEs): Chronic hyperglycemia causes increased glycosylation of proteins leading to AGEs, which in turn results in loss of structure and function, turning on/off signal pathways within cells and alteration in gene expression. AGEs are sugar-derived compounds, glucose binds amino groups on proteins, lipids and nucleic acids to form AGEs.   AGEs form at a constant but slow rate throughout your life (even as an embryo) (Peppa et al, 2003). AGEs interact with RAGE (surface AGE-binding receptors) resulting in proinflammatory effects, formation reactive oxygen species, loss of oxidants (oxidative stress) and altered gene transcription. Levels of AGEs relates to extent of microvascular complications in diabetes.   AGEs contributes to atheromatous plaque by stimulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and the deposition of oxidized LDL. AGEs leads to endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, and impaired vascular smooth muscle cell function.   Experimentally, AGEs cause glomerular damage and proteinuria. Oxidative stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Oxidative stress is an imbalance between ROS production and antioxidants.   Oxygen is used by cells to carry out their normal functions and as a side effect produces free radicals.   Free radicals are missing an electron so are unstable and highly reactive.   Free radicals steal electrons from molecules within cells causing oxidative damage to proteins, membranes and genes. Polyol pathway/aldose reductase: Aldose reductase (AR) normally reduces toxic aldehydes into inactive alcohols inside the cells. Glucose perfuses into some cells without insulin e.g. nerves.   During hyperglycaemic condition, AR reduces that excess glucose to sorbitol (a polyol).   Polyols are trapped inside the cells creating an osmotic gradient.   Sodium and water flow into the cell resulting in oedema. But sorbitol can be metabolised to fructose by the actions of sorbitol dehydrogenase.   High fructose leads to AGEs resulting in more cell damage (Takaqi et al, 1995). Hexosamine pathway: Glucose is mainly metabolised through glycolysis, some gets diverted into an alternative pathway, ending up as UDP (urine diphosphate) N-acetyl glucosamine.   This alters transcription factors, often leading to pathologic changes in gene expression e.g. increased expression of transforming growth factor-B1 and plaminogen activator inhibitor-1, which damages blood vessels. Endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis: Hyperglycemia leading to the formation of AGEs, ROS, the glycosylation of proteins and increased inflammatory cytokines etc.   As a result   small blood vessels, particularly the endothelium are damaged causing vasoconstriction, ischemia, and reduced flow to tissues that rely on the vessel for oxygen and nutrients. Growth factors are also released leading to the blood vessel wall thickening and occlusion of small blood vessels. Nerve growth factors (NGF) and factors like it are damaged.   These factors keep nerves healthy and capable of re-growth if damaged. Changes to the immune system lead to release of toxic cytokines, blockage of blood vessels with leukocytes and loss of normal immune cell action. In this dissertation, a recent aspect of one of the above causes of microvascular damage of diabetes leading to nephropathy will be considered. Current studies have uncovered new insights in the role of oxidative stress in diabetic renal disease, suggesting a different and innovative approach to a possible â€Å"casual† antioxidant therapy. In this dissertation the role oxidative stress may play in the development of diabetic kidney disease will be discussed.   The role of antioxidant therapy in managing or delaying the progression of diabetic nephropathy will be addressed. REFERENCES: Ahmedani M Y, (2005) Prevalence of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Karachi: Pakistan A Multi-center Study: jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=856 ABPI Report Scotland, (2005)The future burden of CHD and Diabetes in Scotland: The value of health care innovation. Available at: s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/www.abpi.org.uk//50031328.pdf Diabetes fact. (2011) Available at: worlddiabetesfoundation.org/composite-35.htm Diabetes (2011), Available at: who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ Diabetic Nephropathy 2003. Available at: datamonitor.com/Products/Free/Brief/BFHC0625/010BFHC0625.pdf Express news report, India has largest number of diabetes patients: Report (2009) indianexpress.com/news/india-has-largest-number-of-diabetes-patient/531240/ Diabetes in the UK 2004, www.diabetes.org.uk/Documents/Reports/in_the_UK_2004.doc Guillausseau, (2011)   Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk: kidney function is pivota. Available at: diafocus.com/2011/01/11/type-2-diabetes-and-cardiovascular-risk-kidney-function-is-pivotal/ Peppa M, Uribarri J, Vlassara H, 2003, Glucose, Advanced Glycation End Products, and Diabetes Complications:   What is New and What Works. Available at: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/21/4/186.full Stratton IM, (2009) Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study   Available at: http://articulos.sld.cu/medicinainterna/files/2009/10/association-of-glycaemia-with-macrovascular-and-microvascular.pdf Scottish  Diabetes  Framework. (2002) Available at: scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2002/04/14452/1986 Scottish Diabetes Survey 2003, Available at: scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/10/20023/44203 Singh NP, Singh D, 2003, Diabetes Mellitus – An Overview For Family Physicians. 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Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Essay Example

Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Essay Example Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Paper Corporate Social Responsibility and Starbucks Primary Stakeholders Paper Case Content/Instructions 1. Introduce the organization/company, the case, and provide a brief history of the organization. 2. Provide a clear, concise statement of the problem(s)/issues(s). 3. Identify primary and secondary internal and external stakeholders affected, describe their stakes in the issue, analyze the situation for effect on these stakeholders, and describe the issues and impact from the stakeholders’ views. 4. Summarize the primary and secondary ethical issues(s) involved. . Describe the organization’s strategy in dealing with this issue(s), critique the strategy/actions taken, using facts from the course to defend your critique, and briefly state the outcomes the organization actually experienced †¦stock price, credibility, market share, management changes, residual stakeholder backlash, unresolved problems, etc. 6. State your conclusions and recommendations for other/more effective actions the company could have taken to produce better stakeholder outcomes. Support your argument with course facts/data/decision models/outside sources. 7. Each partner will write a one page summary of the case. 8. Prepare a presentation, 10 – 15 minutes (audience discussion after presentation). 2. (Include this with Starbucks having difficulties) Starbucks primary stakeholders are their employees, customers, shareholders, investors, suppliers, coffee farmers, local communities, and other business partners. Secondary stakeholders are media outlets, government, nviromentalist groups, and their competitors. . 5. Starbucks is using Corporate Social Responsibilty actions to tackle a lot of the issues they face. Starbucks defines CSR as conducting business in ways that produce social, environmental and economic benefits for the communities in which they operate and for the company’s stakeholders and shareholders. They have created internal structures to ensure that any emerging issues are recognized, prioritized, and addressed in a consistent way t hroughout the company. In response to the over consumption of water, they are in the process of installing buttons that will turn on the faucet instantly and momentarily. This will save approximatley 150 gallons of water per day in each store. Starbucks has also been named as one of the World’s Most Ethical Companies by Ethisphere Magazine. This is based off of their corporate citizenship and responsibility, corporate governance, innovation that contributes to public well being, leadership, and internal systems ethics/compliance program. Starbucks has also gave back to the communities they do business in and around the world. The last CSR report that was published in 2007, shows they gave approximatley 18. 01 million in philanthropic contributions. 2. Starbucks has been hit by the weakened economy as consumers are trying to cut back on their spending. It is much harder to draw in customers today that are willing to pay around $3 for a cup of coffee than before when the economy was booming. Fast food chains like McDonald’s are capitlizing on Starbuck’s â€Å"expensive† reputation by offering coffee products at a lesser cost. . In response to this, Starbucks is using a business-level strategic manaemetn strategy in order to compete back. They have introduced a new instant coffee called Starbucks Via, which is less than $1 a cup. This has expanded into many new markets, including airlines. They have expanded their menu in order to compete as well. You will now see â€Å"value meals† in their bistros. You can also order breakfast sandwiches, lunch items, and a wider selection of pastry items. 3. Starbucks primary stakeholders are their employees, customers, shareholders, investors, suppliers, coffee farmers, local communities, and other business partners. Secondary stakeholders are media outlets, government, enviromentalist groups, and their competitors. Sources http://business. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/leisure/article5240824. ece http://abcnews. go. com/International/SmartHome/story? id=5964908page=1 starbucks. com/aboutus/csrreport/Starbucks_CSR_FY2007. pdf http://cachef. ft. com/cms/s/2/aa9831ce-c266-11dd-a350-000077b07658. html

The Brand Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Brand Strategy - Case Study Example As the new Director of Business Development for Aero Motors, I will design a marketing plan that is achievable within the specified period, and that will help us market our products. Our brand strategy ought to be different and unique from the other brands in the market. As much as we want uniqueness, so many people want the same product as we have developed it. The brand strategy ought to be different from others; it should be unique to attract customers. Forming Brand strategy is never the same in all products; it differs with the kind of product that one wants to market. Developing a brand strategy is a top town approach that is determined by a marketing strategy. The marketing team needs to know beforehand the type of strategies they want to use and should avoid imitation. Uniqueness should be the top objective of brand strategy. There are a number of methods of brand strategy that can be used, branding by thinking involves centralized planning and is the best in bigger companies with a range of products. Another method of brand strategy is branding by imagery; it is linked to the use of advertisements that help relate better to the consumer. This is a good form of brand strategy since it involves the customer. Branding by user familiarity targets product quality, usability, and product design. The customer is the most significant in this form of brand strategy. Branding by self-expression involves the customer who combines efforts with the company to help in brand building. The best brand strategy, which can be, used in marketing our product is branding by use of imagery, this is because its sales depend largely on the image. Our brand should predict customers’ needs and appeal to them emotionally and experientially, this way the car will do well in the market. For the development of relationships and expansion in the US market, we will ensure that the product is properly distributed so that it will be accessible in all the motor market in the United States. A strong brand will require more revenue and will sell more.  

Leadership in Education;Teachers as Leaders Essay

Leadership in Education;Teachers as Leaders - Essay Example It is equally important that certain basic assumptions about the educational leadership qualities especially which relates to the individual approach of tackling issues and objectives, may create a vast difference to the results achieved. The roles and responsibilities of a teacher are multidimensional. â€Å"The diversity, complexity, and changing nature of basic learning needs of children, youth and adults necessitate broadening and constantly redefining the scope of basic education† (UNESCO, 1995). The teachers often serve as role models for their students so they need to be very meticulous and at the same time, he/she should be extremely knowledgeable so as to command respect from their students. The inherent tendencies of the children to keep their teachers on the pedestal makes it imperative that the teachers themselves must cultivate a value based character so that they are not only able to command respect from their students but their impeccable behaviour and teaching prowess, serves to motivate them to achieve greater height of excellence in studies and personal growth. Educational leaders are not pre defined and moulded into certain stature. They are people who may be in the position to influence and motivate students to give their best. Educators and school administrators both can take up the role of educational leaders because both of them have the capacity to wield considerable influence among the students and teachers alike so that they give their best. While the non teaching staffs of educational institutes indirectly influences the students to acquire character, the role of teachers is of utmost importance because of their proactive involvement in the moulding of the character of the students. It is therefore, imperative that teachers must inculcate specialized teaching methodologies and value system that addresses the all round growth of the student fraternity. School administrator as educational leader, helps create a congenial atmosphere